Functions that return properties for the numbers of the same kind as the variable X are under section 8 (Numerical inquiry functions). The functions return numbers related to the actual variable X of the type REAL. Floating-point manipulation functions: These functions work in a certain model of integer and floating-point arithmetic, see the standard ISO(1991), section 13.7.1. The purpose is to give a possibility to move a quantity of a certain type via a routine that does not have exactly that data type. Transfer functions: TRANSFER(SOURCE, MOULD, size) specifies that the physical representation of the first argument SOURCE shall be treated as if it had type and parameters as the second argument MOULD, but without converting it. Bit manipulation functions: The model for bit representation in the standard ISO (1991), section 13.5.7 is used. Normally we get the number of bits in a (whole) word. Bit inquiry function: BIT_SIZE(I) returns the number of bits according to the model of bit representation in the standard ISO (1991), section 13.5.7. Functions that return properties of the actual argument X are available in section 12 below, floating-point manipulation functions. , which can be real and in some cases integer. The parameters P and R must be scalar integers. The second returns an integer kind with the requested number of digits, and the third returns the kind for floating-point numbers with numerical precision at least P digits and one decimal exponent range between -R and +R. The argument X does not have to be assigned any value. Kind functions: The first returns the kind of the actual argument, which can be of the type INTEGER, REAL, COMPLEX, LOGICAL or CHARACTER. There does not have to be assigned a value to the variable STRING. Character string function for request: LEN(STRING) returns the length of a character string. If a string contains a character outside the ASCII character set, the result is implementation-dependent. If a string is shorter than the other, blanks are added at the end of the short string. The above routines compare two strings using sorting according to ASCII. Please note that ACHAR works with the standard ASCII character set while CHAR works with the representation in the computer you are using. Character string functions: The functions below perform operations from and to character strings. These limitations are implementation dependent, and should be given in the vendor's manual. The trigonometric functions will get very low accuracy for large arguments. A natural limitation for the mathematical functions is the limited accuracy and range, which means that for example EXP can cause underflow or overflow at rather common values of the argument.
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